diff --git a/src/bin/main.rs b/src/bin/main.rs
index cb20e41..41e9ad4 100644
--- a/src/bin/main.rs
+++ b/src/bin/main.rs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ fn main() {
             character.meseta = 999999;
             let character = entity_gateway.create_character(character).await.unwrap();
 
-            for _ in 0..3 {
+            for _ in 0..3usize {
                 entity_gateway.create_item(
                     item::NewItemEntity {
                         item: item::ItemDetail::Weapon(
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ fn main() {
                     }).await.unwrap();
             }
 
-            for _ in 0..8 {
+            for _ in 0..8usize {
                 entity_gateway.create_item(
                     NewItemEntity {
                         item: ItemDetail::Tool (
@@ -277,6 +277,7 @@ fn main() {
                             dfp: 0,
                             evp: 0,
                             slots: 4,
+                            wrapping: None,
                         }
                     ),
                     location: ItemLocation::Inventory {
diff --git a/src/entity/gateway/entitygateway.rs b/src/entity/gateway/entitygateway.rs
index 261aadc..74d3f5a 100644
--- a/src/entity/gateway/entitygateway.rs
+++ b/src/entity/gateway/entitygateway.rs
@@ -85,6 +85,18 @@ pub trait EntityGateway: Send + Sync + Clone {
         unimplemented!();
     }
 
+    async fn add_armor_modifier(&mut self, _item_id: &ItemEntityId, _modifier: armor::ArmorModifier) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        unimplemented!();
+    }
+
+    async fn add_shield_modifier(&mut self, _item_id: &ItemEntityId, _modifier: shield::ShieldModifier) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        unimplemented!();
+    }
+
+    async fn add_unit_modifier(&mut self, _item_id: &ItemEntityId, _modifier: unit::UnitModifier) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        unimplemented!();
+    }
+
 
     /*
     async fn get_items_by_character(&self, _char_id: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<Vec<ItemEntity>, GatewayError> {
diff --git a/src/entity/gateway/inmemory.rs b/src/entity/gateway/inmemory.rs
index cedeaf6..17ab155 100644
--- a/src/entity/gateway/inmemory.rs
+++ b/src/entity/gateway/inmemory.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ pub struct InMemoryGateway {
     equips: Arc<Mutex<BTreeMap<CharacterEntityId, EquippedEntity>>>,
     mag_modifiers: Arc<Mutex<BTreeMap<ItemEntityId, Vec<mag::MagModifier>>>>,
     weapon_modifiers: Arc<Mutex<BTreeMap<ItemEntityId, Vec<weapon::WeaponModifier>>>>,
+    armor_modifiers: Arc<Mutex<BTreeMap<ItemEntityId, Vec<armor::ArmorModifier>>>>,
+    shield_modifiers: Arc<Mutex<BTreeMap<ItemEntityId, Vec<shield::ShieldModifier>>>>,
+    unit_modifiers: Arc<Mutex<BTreeMap<ItemEntityId, Vec<unit::UnitModifier>>>>,
 }
 
 impl InMemoryGateway {
@@ -33,6 +36,9 @@ impl InMemoryGateway {
             equips: Arc::new(Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new())),
             mag_modifiers: Arc::new(Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new())),
             weapon_modifiers: Arc::new(Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new())),
+            armor_modifiers: Arc::new(Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new())),
+            shield_modifiers: Arc::new(Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new())),
+            unit_modifiers: Arc::new(Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new())),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -273,6 +279,30 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    async fn add_armor_modifier(&mut self, item_id: &ItemEntityId, modifier: armor::ArmorModifier) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.armor_modifiers.lock().unwrap()
+            .entry(*item_id)
+            .or_insert(Vec::new())
+            .push(modifier);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn add_shield_modifier(&mut self, item_id: &ItemEntityId, modifier: shield::ShieldModifier) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.shield_modifiers.lock().unwrap()
+            .entry(*item_id)
+            .or_insert(Vec::new())
+            .push(modifier);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn add_unit_modifier(&mut self, item_id: &ItemEntityId, modifier: unit::UnitModifier) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.unit_modifiers.lock().unwrap()
+            .entry(*item_id)
+            .or_insert(Vec::new())
+            .push(modifier);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     async fn get_character_inventory(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<InventoryEntity, GatewayError> {
         println!("getting inv");
         let inventories = self.inventories.lock().unwrap();
diff --git a/src/entity/gateway/postgres/models.rs b/src/entity/gateway/postgres/models.rs
index d6f0c83..e9533c2 100644
--- a/src/entity/gateway/postgres/models.rs
+++ b/src/entity/gateway/postgres/models.rs
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ pub struct PgArmor {
     dfp: u8,
     evp: u8,
     slots: u8,
-    // wrapping: Option<WrappingPaper>, // TODO: check if this clobbers slots
+    wrapping: Option<WrappingPaper>, // TODO: check if this clobbers slots
 }
 
 impl From<armor::Armor> for PgArmor {
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ impl From<armor::Armor> for PgArmor {
             dfp: other.dfp,
             evp: other.evp,
             slots: other.slots,
-            // wrapping: other.wrapping,
+            wrapping: other.wrapping,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ impl Into<armor::Armor> for PgArmor {
             dfp: self.dfp,
             evp: self.evp,
             slots: self.slots,
-            // wrapping: self.wrapping,
+            wrapping: self.wrapping,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/entity/gateway/postgres/postgres.rs b/src/entity/gateway/postgres/postgres.rs
index 45aee91..f9acf92 100644
--- a/src/entity/gateway/postgres/postgres.rs
+++ b/src/entity/gateway/postgres/postgres.rs
@@ -528,6 +528,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for PostgresGateway {
     }
 
     async fn set_character_inventory(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, inventory: &InventoryEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        println!("postgres.rs::set_character_inventory - received inventory entity: {:?}", inventory);
         let inventory = inventory.items.iter()
             .map(|item| {
                 match item {
@@ -540,7 +541,8 @@ impl EntityGateway for PostgresGateway {
                 }
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
+        println!("postgres.rs::set_character_inventory - collected new inventory: {:?}", inventory);
+        println!("postgres.rs::set_character_inventory - updating pchar: {:?}", char_id.0);
         sqlx::query("insert into inventory (pchar, items) values ($1, $2) on conflict (pchar) do update set items = $2")
             .bind(char_id.0)
             .bind(sqlx::types::Json(inventory))
diff --git a/src/entity/item/armor.rs b/src/entity/item/armor.rs
index 9a2d925..7f7bf8b 100644
--- a/src/entity/item/armor.rs
+++ b/src/entity/item/armor.rs
@@ -293,7 +293,11 @@ impl ArmorType {
 pub enum ArmorModifier {
     AddSlot {
         addslot: ItemEntityId,
-    }
+    },
+    WrapPresent {
+        paper: WrappingPaper,
+    },
+    UnwrapPresent,
 }
 
 
@@ -303,7 +307,7 @@ pub struct Armor {
     pub dfp: u8,
     pub evp: u8,
     pub slots: u8,
-    // pub wrapping: Option<WrappingPaper>, // clobbers slots
+    pub wrapping: Option<WrappingPaper>,
 }
 
 impl Armor {
@@ -318,16 +322,32 @@ impl Armor {
 
     pub fn from_bytes(data: [u8; 16]) -> Result<Armor, ItemParseError> {
         let a = ArmorType::parse_type([data[0], data[1], data[2]]); 
+        let w = {
+            if data[4] & 0x40 == 0x40 {
+                WrappingPaper::from(0) // always use default wrapping paper to preserve slot info
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        };
         if a.is_ok() {
             Ok(Armor {
                 armor: a.unwrap(),
                 dfp: data[6],
                 evp: data[8],
                 slots: data[5],
+                wrapping: w,
             })
         }
         else {
             Err(ItemParseError::InvalidArmorBytes) // TODO: error handling if wrong bytes are given
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn apply_modifier(&mut self, modifier: &ArmorModifier) {
+        match modifier {
+            ArmorModifier::WrapPresent{paper} => {self.wrapping = Some(*paper)},
+            ArmorModifier::UnwrapPresent => {self.wrapping = None},
+            _ => {},
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/entity/item/shield.rs b/src/entity/item/shield.rs
index 22ce3d2..e537428 100644
--- a/src/entity/item/shield.rs
+++ b/src/entity/item/shield.rs
@@ -519,6 +519,13 @@ impl ShieldType {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum ShieldModifier {
+    WrapPresent {
+        paper: WrappingPaper,
+    },
+    UnwrapPresent,
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Shield {
@@ -562,4 +569,12 @@ impl Shield {
             Err(ItemParseError::InvalidShieldBytes) // TODO: error handling if wrong bytes are given
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn apply_modifier(&mut self, modifier: &ShieldModifier) {
+        match modifier {
+            ShieldModifier::WrapPresent{paper} => {self.wrapping = Some(*paper)},
+            ShieldModifier::UnwrapPresent => {self.wrapping = None},
+            _ => {},
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/entity/item/unit.rs b/src/entity/item/unit.rs
index 401d1cf..6cf32c1 100644
--- a/src/entity/item/unit.rs
+++ b/src/entity/item/unit.rs
@@ -330,6 +330,10 @@ pub enum UnitModifier {
     Plus,
     Minus,
     MinusMinus,
+    WrapPresent {
+        paper: WrappingPaper,
+    },
+    UnwrapPresent,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -361,6 +365,7 @@ impl Unit {
                     result[6] = 0xFE;
                     result[7] = 0xFF;
                 },
+                _ => {}, // handling wrapping here is weird?
             }
         }
 
@@ -401,4 +406,12 @@ impl Unit {
             Err(ItemParseError::InvalidUnitBytes) // TODO: error handling if wrong bytes are given
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn apply_modifier(&mut self, modifier: &UnitModifier) {
+        match modifier {
+            UnitModifier::WrapPresent{paper} => {self.wrapping = Some(*paper)},
+            UnitModifier::UnwrapPresent => {self.wrapping = None},
+            _ => {},
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/entity/item/weapon.rs b/src/entity/item/weapon.rs
index 45640ae..eeddf4b 100644
--- a/src/entity/item/weapon.rs
+++ b/src/entity/item/weapon.rs
@@ -1452,6 +1452,10 @@ pub enum WeaponModifier {
         percent: TekPercentModifier,
         grind: i32,
     },
+    WrapPresent {
+        paper: WrappingPaper,
+    },
+    UnwrapPresent,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -1518,6 +1522,8 @@ impl Weapon {
                 self.grind = std::cmp::max(self.grind as i32 + grind, 0) as u8;
                 self.tekked = true;
             },
+            WeaponModifier::WrapPresent{paper} => {self.wrapping = Some(*paper)},
+            WeaponModifier::UnwrapPresent => {self.wrapping = None},
             _ => {}
         }
     }
@@ -1558,7 +1564,6 @@ impl Weapon {
         if w.is_ok() {
             let mut s = None;
             let mut t = true;
-            let mut p = None; // wrapping paper
             let g = data[3];
         
             if data[4] & 0x80 == 0x80 {
@@ -1566,9 +1571,13 @@ impl Weapon {
                 t = false;
             }
 
-            if data[4] & 0x40 == 0x40 {
-                p = WrappingPaper::from(data[5]);
-            }
+            let p = {
+                if data[4] & 0x40 == 0x40 {
+                    WrappingPaper::from(data[5])
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            };
 
             let mut a = [
                 None,
diff --git a/src/login/character.rs b/src/login/character.rs
index 9d9969a..91988a0 100644
--- a/src/login/character.rs
+++ b/src/login/character.rs
@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ async fn new_character<EG: EntityGateway>(entity_gateway: &mut EG, user: &UserAc
                     dfp: 0,
                     evp: 0,
                     slots: 0,
+                    wrapping: None,
                 }),
             location: ItemLocation::Inventory {
                 character_id: character.id,
diff --git a/src/ship/drops/generic_armor.rs b/src/ship/drops/generic_armor.rs
index 2bf5895..bb9dad6 100644
--- a/src/ship/drops/generic_armor.rs
+++ b/src/ship/drops/generic_armor.rs
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ impl GenericArmorTable {
             dfp: dfp_modifier as u8,
             evp: evp_modifier as u8,
             slots: slots as u8,
+            wrapping: None,
         }))
     }
 }
@@ -126,24 +127,28 @@ mod test {
             dfp: 0,
             evp: 0,
             slots: 1,
+            wrapping: None,
         })));
         assert!(gat.get_drop(&MapArea::Caves3, &mut rng) == Some(ItemDropType::Armor(Armor {
             armor: ArmorType::AbsorbArmor,
             dfp: 1,
             evp: 1,
             slots: 1,
+            wrapping: None,
         })));
         assert!(gat.get_drop(&MapArea::Forest2, &mut rng) == Some(ItemDropType::Armor(Armor {
             armor: ArmorType::HyperFrame,
             dfp: 0,
             evp: 0,
             slots: 0,
+            wrapping: None,
         })));
         assert!(gat.get_drop(&MapArea::DarkFalz, &mut rng) == Some(ItemDropType::Armor(Armor {
             armor: ArmorType::ImperialArmor,
             dfp: 2,
             evp: 1,
             slots: 0,
+            wrapping: None,
         })));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/ship/drops/rare_drop_table.rs b/src/ship/drops/rare_drop_table.rs
index 450c9ef..7970fd2 100644
--- a/src/ship/drops/rare_drop_table.rs
+++ b/src/ship/drops/rare_drop_table.rs
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ impl RareDropTable {
                     dfp: self.armor_stats.dfp_modifier(&armor, rng) as u8,
                     evp: self.armor_stats.evp_modifier(&armor, rng) as u8,
                     slots: self.armor_stats.slots(map_area, rng) as u8,
+                    wrapping: None,
                 })
             },
             RareDropItem::Shield(shield) => {
diff --git a/src/ship/items/inventory.rs b/src/ship/items/inventory.rs
index f70335b..cc6ce2d 100644
--- a/src/ship/items/inventory.rs
+++ b/src/ship/items/inventory.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use crate::entity::item::{ItemEntityId, ItemDetail, ItemEntity, ItemType, ItemLo
 use crate::entity::item::tool::Tool;
 use crate::entity::item::mag::Mag;
 use crate::entity::item::weapon::Weapon;
+use crate::entity::item::armor::Armor; // TODO: cleanup uses
+use crate::entity::item::shield::Shield;
+use crate::entity::item::unit::Unit;
 use crate::ship::items::{ClientItemId, BankItem, BankItemHandle};
 use crate::ship::items::floor::{IndividualFloorItem, StackedFloorItem};
 
@@ -55,6 +58,28 @@ impl IndividualInventoryItem {
             _ => None
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn armor_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Armor> {
+        match self.item {
+            ItemDetail::Armor(ref mut armor) => Some(armor),
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn shield_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Shield> {
+        match self.item {
+            ItemDetail::Shield(ref mut shield) => Some(shield),
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn unit_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Unit> {
+        match self.item {
+            ItemDetail::Unit(ref mut unit) => Some(unit),
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
diff --git a/src/ship/items/manager.rs b/src/ship/items/manager.rs
index cbd10f9..b67b048 100644
--- a/src/ship/items/manager.rs
+++ b/src/ship/items/manager.rs
@@ -639,9 +639,7 @@ impl ItemManager {
                                              entity_gateway: &mut EG,
                                              character: &mut CharacterEntity,
                                              client_item_id: ClientItemId) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
-        // println!("manager::use_item(): ClientItemId: {:?}", client_item_id);
         let inventory = self.character_inventory.get_mut(&character.id).ok_or(ItemManagerError::NoCharacter(character.id))?;
-
         let mut used_item_handle = inventory.get_item_handle_by_id(client_item_id).ok_or(ItemManagerError::ItemIdNotInInventory(client_item_id))?;
         let used_item = used_item_handle.item_mut().ok_or(ItemManagerError::CannotGetMutItem)?;
         match used_item.item_type() {
@@ -765,13 +763,25 @@ impl ItemManager {
                 }
             },
             ItemType::Unit(_) => {
-
+                let actual_used_item = used_item.individual_mut().ok_or(ItemManagerError::CannotGetMutItem)?.unit_mut().ok_or(ItemManagerError::CannotGetMutItem)?;
+                if actual_used_item.wrapping.is_some() {
+                    actual_used_item.apply_modifier(&unit::UnitModifier::UnwrapPresent);
+                    entity_gateway.add_unit_modifier(&used_item.entity_ids()[0], unit::UnitModifier::UnwrapPresent).await?;
+                } else {
+                    // combining / unsealing?
+                }
             },
             ItemType::Weapon(_) => {
                 let actual_used_item = used_item.individual_mut().ok_or(ItemManagerError::CannotGetMutItem)?.weapon_mut().ok_or(ItemManagerError::CannotGetMutItem)?;
-                actual_used_item.unwrap_present();
+                if actual_used_item.wrapping.is_some() {
+                    actual_used_item.apply_modifier(&weapon::WeaponModifier::UnwrapPresent);
+                    entity_gateway.add_weapon_modifier(&used_item.entity_ids()[0], weapon::WeaponModifier::UnwrapPresent).await?;
+                } else {
+                    // combining / unsealing?
+                }
             },
         }
+        
         entity_gateway.set_character_inventory(&character.id, &inventory.as_inventory_entity(&character.id)).await?;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -953,7 +963,6 @@ impl ItemManager {
 
     pub fn get_inventory_item_by_id(&mut self, character: &CharacterEntity, item_id: ClientItemId) -> Result<&InventoryItem, anyhow::Error> {
         let inventory = self.character_inventory.get_mut(&character.id).ok_or(ItemManagerError::NoCharacter(character.id))?;
-        println!("item_manager.get_inventory_item_by_id() inventory: {:?}", inventory);
         Ok(inventory.get_item_by_id(item_id).ok_or(ItemManagerError::ItemIdNotInInventory(item_id))?)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/ship/shops/armor.rs b/src/ship/shops/armor.rs
index feb1705..e4d79a8 100644
--- a/src/ship/shops/armor.rs
+++ b/src/ship/shops/armor.rs
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ impl ShopItem for ArmorShopItem {
                     dfp: 0,
                     evp: 0,
                     slots: *slot as u8,
+                    wrapping: None,
                 })
             },
             ArmorShopItem::Barrier(barrier) => {